Gilbert Ryle

(English philosopher, 1900–1976). Ryle was a noted representative of the British school of ordinary language philosophy inspired by Wittgenstein. He is best known for The Concept of Mind, an influential work in which Ryle mounts a critique of Cartesian dualism, for which he coined the phrase "the ghost in the machine". Ryle denied the existence of internal mental states and believed that subjectivity and individuality could be richly inferred and described from the evidence of a person's behaviour, without recourse to any super-sensory realm of consciousness or the soul.