(American analytic philosopher, 1926– ). An influential thinker with original contributions to many fields including philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics and semantics. He is best known for his hypothesis of "multiple realizability", a notion developed in the 1960s to counter the view that mental states correspond with physical states of the brain, otherwise known as the "type-identity theory". Putnam argued that it is both conceivable and probable that different organisms realize the same mental state—being in pain, for example—through radically different orientations of the central nervous system.
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